The Potential of Magnesium Sulfate to Change Serum Lysyl Oxidase and Nitrite Levels in Patients with Atherosclerosis: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial Study

Background: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and magnesium contribute to vascular development and stability. This research describes how magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 ) regulates the serum levels of LOX and nitric oxide in patients with moderate coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with 76 patients with moderate CAD divided into four groups. The subjects were randomly assigned to groups that took either capsules containing placebo or MgSO4 (300 mg) daily for 6 months. Thus, the experiment included Mg-treated groups with one and two vessels with atherosclerotic plaque (MgVR1 and Mg-VR2) and placebo-treated groups with one and two vessels with atherosclerotic plaque (placebo-VR1 and placeboVR2). Every 3 months, LOX, homocysteine, nitrite, and lipid profile levels were measured. Women and men with moderate CAD who were more than 55 and 50 years old, respectively, were included. Results: Total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels significantly decreased 6 months after intervention (P<0. 01). Decrease of serum homocysteine levels was seen in all groups during the study, but the reduction in the placebo groups was greater than the Mg-treated groups (P<0.001). Three months after treatment with MgSO4 , LOX had stayed at high levels, and it then returned to baseline in the 6-month follow up (P<0.001). The rise in nitrite levels in the placebo-VR2 group was significantly greater than in the Mgso4 -VR2 group (P<0.001). Conclusion: magnesium sulfate may prevent the progression of arteriosclerosis through modulating LOX and homocysteine levels and preventing the increase of nitrite levels. Trial Registration: Identifier: IRCT20151028024756N3; https://www.irct.ir/trial/29097.