Preparation, characterization, and determination of the therapeutic effects of copper nanoparticles green-formulated by Pistacia atlantica in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rat

Abstract The development and creation of innovative therapeutic supplements and medications with extraordinary efficacy for addressing severe diabetes are of utmost importance to both developing and developed nations. A bio-inspired method has been documented for producing copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Pistacia atlantica leaf extract as a natural stabilizing agent. This approach is applicable, easy, and environmentally friendly, as it avoids using any toxic or harmful reagents. The CuNPs that were synthesized through biological processes underwent characterization using sophisticated physicochemical methods such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. It is confirmed that CuNPs exhibit a spherical structure, with an average size ranging from approximately 30 to 70 nm. Diabetes was induced in vivo through a fructose-enriched diet combined with streptozotocin. Half the subjects were administered CuNPs (100 µg/kg) via oral gavage. In contrast to the animals that were given regular food, the diabetic animals revealed an increase in serum fasting glucose level and a decrease in glucose tolerance. The administration of CuNPs had a significant impact on reducing glucose intolerance and fasting hyperglycemia. Additionally, it helped alleviate the negative effects of diabetes on cardiac output and work. Furthermore, utilizing CuNPs effectively hindered the rise in cardiac signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-phosphorylation caused by diabetes. The findings from this investigation provide evidence of the therapeutic benefits of CuNPs in mitigating diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats.