木糖
催化作用
碳纤维
生物量(生态学)
纳米颗粒
钒
生命周期评估
材料科学
环境污染
核化学
化学工程
光催化
X射线光电子能谱
热液循环
化学
无机化学
纳米技术
有机化学
环境科学
海洋学
环境保护
生产(经济)
复合数
发酵
经济
工程类
复合材料
宏观经济学
地质学
作者
Gabriela Rodríguez-Carballo,Ramón Moreno‐Tost,Sónia Fernandes,Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva,Luís Pinto da Silva,Eulogio Castro,Manuel Algarra
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138728
摘要
The effectiveness of various transition metal phosphate-based acid catalysts, including vanadium and niobium, in the hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots (CDs), has been assessed. Two sources of carbohydrates were employed for this: commercial xylose and liquor of xylose produced by processing olive pits. Catalysts were identified using the NH3-TPD, DTA/TG, XRD, and XPS techniques. The reaction was conducted for 4 h at a temperature of 180 °C. The existence of such nanoparticles, regardless of the carbohydrate source, was confirmed by an analysis of the features and characteristics of CDs nanoparticles. N-doped CDs with increased fluorescence were also created at the same time using a similar hydrothermal technique, and their photocatalytic activity was investigated. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted for both syntheses with the goal of comparing the environmental effects of the synthesis from commercial xylose to the synthesis from biomass. It was revealed that, although energy is the primary driver of both synthesis pathways' effect categories, the fundamental variations that seem to determine their relative sustainability are connected to the nature of the carbon precursor. Regarding the latter, it is determined that electricity has the greatest environmental impact.
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