腐蚀
冰消
融水
泥沙输移
沉积物
沉积预算
气候变化
冰层
环境科学
全球变暖
水文学(农业)
永久冻土
冰川
地质学
地貌学
冰期
气候学
海洋学
岩土工程
海冰
作者
Ting Zhang,Dongfeng Li,Amy East,Desmond E. Walling,Stuart N. Lane,Irina Overeem,Achim A. Beylich,Michèle Koppes,Xixi Lu
标识
DOI:10.1038/s43017-022-00362-0
摘要
Rapid atmospheric warming since the mid-twentieth century has increased temperature-dependent erosion and sediment-transport processes in cold environments, affecting food, energy and water security. In this Review, we summarize landscape changes in cold environments and provide a global inventory of increases in erosion and sediment yield driven by cryosphere degradation. Anthropogenic climate change, deglaciation, and thermokarst disturbances are causing increased sediment mobilization and transport processes in glacierized and periglacierized basins. With continuous cryosphere degradation, sediment transport will continue to increase until reaching a maximum (peak sediment). Thereafter, transport is likely to shift from a temperature-dependent regime toward a rainfall-dependent regime roughly between 2100–2200. The timing of the regime shift would be regulated by changes in meltwater, erosive rainfall and landscape erodibility, and complicated by geomorphic feedbacks and connectivity. Further progress in integrating multisource sediment observations, developing physics-based sediment-transport models, and enhancing interdisciplinary and international scientific collaboration is needed to predict sediment dynamics in a warming world. Anthropogenic warming is causing cryosphere degradation, which is increasing erosion and sediment transport. This Review describes changes in sediment fluxes and explains how peak sediment will be reached as a result of deglaciation and permafrost thaw.
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