Five-Year Clinical Trial of the Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study

PurposeTo evaluate (1) the long-term efficacy of low-concentration atropine over 5 years, (2) the proportion of children requiring re-treatment and associated factors, and (3) the efficacy of pro re nata (PRN) re-treatment using 0.05% atropine from years 3 to 5.DesignRandomized, double-masked extended trial.ParticipantsChildren 4 to 12 years of age originally from the Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) study.MethodsChildren 4 to 12 years of age originally from the LAMP study were followed up for 5 years. During the third year, children in each group originally receiving 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% atropine were randomized to continued treatment and treatment cessation. During years 4 and 5, all continued treatment subgroups were switched to 0.05% atropine for continued treatment, whereas all treatment cessation subgroups followed a PRN re-treatment protocol to resume 0.05% atropine for children with myopic progressions of 0.5 diopter (D) or more over 1 year. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the changes in spherical equivalent (SE) progression and axial length (AL) elongation among groups.Main Outcomes Measures(1) Changes in SE and AL in different groups over 5 years, (2) the proportion of children who needed re-treatment, and (3) changes in SE and AL in the continued treatment and PRN re-treatment groups from years 3 to 5.ResultsTwo hundred seventy (82.8%) of 326 children (82.5%) from the third year completed 5 years of follow-up. Over 5 years, the cumulative mean SE progressions were –1.34 ± 1.40 D, –1.97 ± 1.03 D, and –2.34 ± 1.71 D for the continued treatment groups with initial 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% atropine, respectively (P = 0.02). Similar trends were observed in AL elongation (P = 0.01). Among the PRN re-treatment group, 87.9% of children (94/107) needed re-treatment. The proportion of re-treatment across all studied concentrations was similar (P = 0.76). The SE progressions for continued treatment and PRN re-treatment groups from years 3 to 5 were –0.97 ± 0.82 D and –1.00 ± 0.74 D (P = 0.55) and the AL elongations were 0.51 ± 0.34 mm and 0.49 ± 0.32 mm (P = 0.84), respectively.ConclusionsOver 5 years, the continued 0.05% atropine treatment demonstrated good efficacy for myopia control. Most children needed to restart treatment after atropine cessation at year 3. Restarted treatment with 0.05% atropine achieved similar efficacy as continued treatment. Children should be considered for re-treatment if myopia progresses after treatment cessation.Financial Disclosure(s)The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.