Nanozymes in Reactive Oxygen Species‐Dependent Diseases: From Design and Preclinical Studies to Clinical Translation Prospects

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance is a key pathological factor in various diseases. Traditional biocatalytic agents, while effective to some extent, are limited by low catalytic efficiency, poor stability, immunogenicity, and lack of specificity. Recent advances in ROS‐dependent diseases have shifted the focus to leveraging nanozymes for therapy. Nanozymes demonstrate superior stability, tunability, enzymatic mimicry, and targeting capabilities, offering unprecedented therapeutic advantages and transformative potential in precision medicine. This review summarizes recent research progress of nanozymes in ROS‐dependent disease therapy; explores their mechanisms of action, including promoting and scavenging ROS; and discusses design strategies, such as replicating natural enzyme structures and catalytic active sites, as well as designing responsive mechanisms. The review also highlights recent clinical progress of nanozymes in treating ROS‐dependent diseases and delves into the opportunities and challenges in nanozyme development. It aims to provide insights for researchers in nanozyme and nanomedicine fields, promoting nanozyme applications, enhancing clinical management of ROS‐related diseases, and fostering integration of nanotechnology with medical sciences.