胶质瘢痕
脊髓损伤
再生(生物学)
胶质增生
神经炎症
病变
兴奋毒性
小胶质细胞
病理
神经科学
脊髓
中枢神经系统
医学
生物
细胞生物学
炎症
程序性细胞死亡
免疫学
细胞凋亡
生物化学
疾病
作者
Tanner Clifford,Zachary Finkel,Brianna Rodriguez,Adelina Joseph,Li Cai
出处
期刊:Cells
[MDPI AG]
日期:2023-03-09
卷期号:12 (6): 853-853
被引量:23
标识
DOI:10.3390/cells12060853
摘要
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex tissue injury resulting in permanent and degenerating damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Detrimental cellular processes occur after SCI, including axonal degeneration, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, reactive gliosis, and scar formation. The glial scar border forms to segregate the neural lesion and isolate spreading inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxicity at the injury epicenter to preserve surrounding healthy tissue. The scar border is a physicochemical barrier composed of elongated astrocytes, fibroblasts, and microglia secreting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, collogen, and the dense extra-cellular matrix. While this physiological response preserves viable neural tissue, it is also detrimental to regeneration. To overcome negative outcomes associated with scar formation, therapeutic strategies have been developed: the prevention of scar formation, the resolution of the developed scar, cell transplantation into the lesion, and endogenous cell reprogramming. This review focuses on cellular/molecular aspects of glial scar formation, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of strategies to promote regeneration after SCI.
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