Supplementation of Omega‐3 Increases Serum Levels of Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Decreases Depression Status in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: There is a direct relationship between omega-3 and major depression. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids on serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and depression status in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 60 men with BD. The patients were grouped into two groups and received 2 g/day of omega-3 supplements or a placebo daily for 2 months. The serum concentrations of BDNF and depression scores were investigated before and after the intervention. Afterward, the data were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: The supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids significantly increased the serum concentration of BDNF compared to pre-intervention (0.449 ± 0.110 ng/mL vs. 0.756 ± 0.160 ng/mL) and also decreased the scores on the Hamilton test (40.13 ± 9.51 vs. 22.40 ± 7.49) (p < 0.05). The results also showed that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids significantly increased the serum concentration of BDNF (0.756 ± 0.160 ng/mL vs. 0.504 ± 0.154 ng/mL) and decreased the scores on the Hamilton test compared to the placebo group (22.40 ± 7.49 vs. 29.35 ± 6.08) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, daily supplementation with 2 g of omega-3 fatty acids for 2 months decreased depression scores and increased serum concentrations of BDNF in BD patients compared to the placebo group.