The potential of two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) for the investigation of complex mixtures of organic compounds is briefly reviewed. Various designs of modulators for GC × GC are considered. Requirements for the equipment necessary for the successful implementation of the GC × GC method are formulated. The main advantages of GC × GC over classical one-dimensional gas chromatography are listed. Typical separation problems that are solvable by GC × GC are considered.