执行职能
工作记忆
心理学
神经心理学
注意缺陷多动障碍
认知心理学
行为抑制
唤醒
反应抑制
情感(语言学)
认知
心理理论
自我控制
发展心理学
神经科学
临床心理学
精神科
焦虑
沟通
标识
DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.65
摘要
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comprises a deficit in behavioral inhibition. A theoretical model is constructed that links inhibition to 4 executive neuropsychological functions that appear to depend on it for their effective execution: (a) working memory, (b) self-regulation of affect-motivation-arousal, (c) internalization of speech, and (d) reconstitution (behavioral analysis and synthesis). Extended to ADHD, the model predicts that ADHD should be associated with secondary impairments in these 4 executive abilities and the motor control they afford. The author reviews evidence for each of these domains of functioning and finds it to be strongest for deficits in behavioral inhibition, working memory, regulation of motivation, and motor control in those with ADHD. Although the model is promising as a potential theory of self-control and ADHD, far more research is required to evaluate its merits and the many predictions it makes about ADHD.
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