Effect of the Structural Characteristics of Binary Pt–Ru and Ternary Pt–Ru–M Fuel Cell Catalysts on the Activity of Ethanol Electrooxidation in Acid Medium

Abstract In view of their possible use as anode materials in acid direct ethanol fuel cells, the electrocatalytic activity of Pt–Ru and Pt–Ru–M catalysts for ethanol oxidation has been investigated. This minireview examines the effects of the structural characteristics of Pt–Ru, such as the degree of alloying and Ru oxidation state, on the electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation.