Secondary Metabolites and Antimycobacterial Activities from the Roots of Ficus nervosa

Abstract Bioassay‐guided fractionation of the active AcOEt‐soluble layer led to the isolation of two new pyranocoumarins, 3‐hydroxyxanthyletin ( 1 ) and 3‐methoxyxanthyletin ( 2 ), along with 22 known compounds including four simple coumarins, i.e. , xanthyletin ( 3 ), umbelliferone ( 4 ), scopoletin ( 5 ), and (+)‐( S )‐marmesin ( 6 ); nine flavonoids, i.e. , carpachromene ( 7 ), parvisoflavone B ( 8 ), alpinumisoflavone ( 9 ) genistein ( 10 ), 2′‐hydroxygenistein ( 11 ), prunetin ( 12 ), cajanin ( 13 ), apigenin ( 14 ), and ( 2S )‐naringenin ( 15 ); three benzenoids, i.e. , 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde ( 16 ), vanillin ( 17 ), and ( S )‐lasiodiplodin ( 18 ); five steroids, i.e. , ergosterol peroxide ( 19 ), a mixture of 6 β ‐hydroxystigmast‐4‐en‐3‐one ( 20 ) and 6 β ‐hydroxystigmasta‐4,22‐dien‐3‐one ( 21 ), and a mixture of β ‐sitosterol ( 22 ) and stigmasterol ( 23 ); and one triterpenoid, i.e. , oleanolic acid ( 24 ) from the roots of Ficus nervosa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR as well as MS analyses. Among these isolates, 3‐hydroxyxanthyletin ( 1 ), genistein ( 10 ), prunetin ( 12 ), and ( 2S )‐naringenin ( 15 ) showed antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 R V in vitro with MIC values of 16, 35, 30, and ≤2.8 μg/ml, respectively.