Twin-Boundary Structural Phase Transitions in Elemental Titanium

Twinning in crystalline materials plays an important role in many transformation and deformation processes, where underlying mechanisms can be strongly influenced by the structural, energetic and kinetic properties of associated twin boundaries (TBs). While these properties are well characterized in common cases, the possibility that TBs can display multiple complexions with distinct properties, and phase transitions between them, has not been widely explored, even though such phenomena are established in a few more general grain boundaries. We report experimental findings that {11-24} TBs in titanium display a thick interfacial region with crystalline structure distinct from the bulk. First-principles calculations establish that this complexion is linked to a metastable polymorph of titanium, and exhibits behavior consistent with a solid-state wetting transition with compressive strain, and a first-order structural transition under tension. The findings document rich TB complexion behavior in an elemental metal, with important implications for mechanical behavior and phase-transformation pathways.