Congenital cytomegalovirus and pulmonary hypertension

Abstract Lung involvement in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection has been scarcely described. We describe three new cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital cytomegalovirus and review the other seven cases reported in the literature since 1988. All children had a symptomatic infection, including severe central nervous system or visceral findings. Morbidity and mortality were high. Persistent pulmonary hypertension may be a rare complication in severely symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infants. It is important to screen for congenital cytomegalovirus in cases of idiopathic refractory persistent pulmonary hypertension. Intensive treatment should be undertaken to treat this potentially rare lung involvement in combination with antiviral treatment.