Advancements of Glucose Monitoring Biosensor: Current State, Generations of Technological Progress, and Innovation Dynamics

Abstract: Glucose monitoring is essential for managing diabetes, and continuous glucose monitoring biosensors can offer real-time monitoring with little invasiveness. However, challenges remain in improving sensor accuracy, selectivity, and overall performance. This article aims to review current trends and recent advancements in glucose-monitoring biosensors while evaluating their benefits and limitations for diabetes monitoring. An analysis of current literature on transdermal glucose sensors was conducted, focusing on detection techniques, novel nanomaterials, and integrated sensor systems. Recent research has led to advancements in electrochemical, optical, electromagnetic, and sonochemical sensors for transdermal glucose detection. The use of novel nanomaterials and integrated sensor designs has improved sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy. However, issues like calibration requirements, motion artifacts, and skin irritation persist. Transdermal glucose sensors show promise for non-invasive, convenient diabetes monitoring but require further enhancements to address limitations in accuracy, reliability, and biocompatibility. Continued research and innovation focusing on sensor materials, designs, and surface chemistry is needed to optimize biosensor performance and utility. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of the present status of technological advancement and highlights areas that need more research.