Effect of blockage of Trem1 on the M1 polarization of macrophages in the regulation dental pulp inflammation

Abstract Dental pulp inflammation is a common and significant factor related to poor dental prognosis. Current treatment strategies primarily concentrate on managing the inflammatory response, with specific targets for intervention still under investigation. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are a group of receptor molecules extensively present on myeloid cell surfaces, crucial in the regulation of inflammatory process. Our analysis of transcriptomic sequencing data from clinical pulp samples of dataset GSE77459 and animal models revealed up‐regulation of Trem1 during pulpitis. Administration of the Trem1‐blocking peptide LP17 led to lower (more than 1‐fold) levels of several pro‐inflammatory factors and inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization both in vivo and in vitro. This study of the expression patterns and functions of Trem1 in the development of dental pulp inflammation provides novel insights into the therapeutic strategies for clinical pulpitis.