An extended Exp-TODIM method for multiple attribute decision making based on the Z-Wasserstein distance

Z-numbers, as relatively emerging fuzzy numbers, are to a large extent close to human language. For this reason, the Z-number is a powerful tool for representing expert evaluation information. However, the Z-number is more complex than the general structure of fuzzy numbers since it consists of both the fuzzy restriction A and the reliability measure B. As a result, calculating of the Z-number is a very complex process. This paper uses a modified Wasserstein distance to measure the distance between two Z-numbers, which avoids the loss of information better than the existing metric. Then a new decision model is constructed by combining the Z-Wasserstein distance with the exponential TODIM method(exp-TODIM), which is less susceptible to changes in parameters and has good stability. Next, a detailed example of choosing a reasonable carbon storage site is given to illustrate the feasibility of the exp-TODIM method with wasserstein distance. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is given to illustrate the stability of the method, and a comparative analysis is used to state the advantages of the method.