Deep Learning Fluorescence Imaging of Visible to NIR‐II Based on Modulated Multimode Emissions Lanthanide Nanocrystals

Abstract Fluorescence bioimaging has always been a research hotspot in the field of life sciences and medicine. Although many studies focus on the promising second near infrared window (NIR‐II) imaging, the NIR‐II imaging with deep tissue penetration is limited by the broad emission band widths. Herein, a well‐designed lanthanide doped nanocrystal is presented that can modulate the energy migration processes by controlling energy migration pathway and cerium‐assisted energy transfer processes, resulting in switchable emission modes of visible and NIR‐II that dependent by the excitation wavelengths. Subsequently, the multimode emissions of dumbbell‐like nanocrystals are cooperated with deep learning, where the advantages of narrow emission peak of visible fluorescence and deep tissue penetration of NIR‐II fluorescence are combined to offer a unique deep learning fluorescence bioimaging. By this new imaging method, fluorescence signals can be obtained with narrow emission peak and high signal‐to‐noise ratio after penetrating phantom tissue. This study brings a powerful idea for cutting‐edge applications of intelligent optical materials, such as in vivo information security.