Advances of anthocyanin synthesis regulated by plant growth regulators in fruit trees

Fruit color is an important indicator of fruit quality, which is mainly determined by anthocyanin accumulation. Therefore, increasing anthocyanin content is an important way to improve the nutritional and commodity value of fruits. Anthocyanin synthesis is not only regulated by internal genetic factors but also affected by external factors such as light, temperature and nutritional levels, etc. In addition, plant growth regulators also play an important role in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis. They mainly affect anthocyanin synthesis by affecting physiological and biochemical metabolism, the expression of structural genes and the activity of MBW complex. In the production of fruit, the application of plant growth regulators is an important means of promoting coloration. But there are still many problems during application, such as incorrect application time, inappropriate application concentration and so on. This paper reviews the physiological and molecular mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis regulated by plant growth regulators. It concludes that exogenous application of abscisic acid, jasmonate and brassinosteroid can promote the accumulation of anthocyanin. By contrast, ethylene, auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin have dual effects on anthocyanin synthesis. This review provides a theoretical basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of plant growth regulators regulating anthocyanin accumulation and theoretical guidance for scientific and efficient application of plant growth regulators in fruit production.