Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Confer De Novo Resistance to PD-L1 Blockade through EMT–Stromal and Tgfβ-Dependent Mechanisms

Most patients with bladder cancer do not respond to ICB targeting of the PD-L1 signaling axis. Our modeling applied a de novo resistance signature to show that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells promote poor treatment response in a TGFβ-dependent mechanism.