3D Nanomaterials: The future of industrial, biological, and environmental applications

The synthesis and application of 3D nanomaterials (3D NMs) are gaining particular attention as they contribute more than 85% to the nanofamily. They are associated with salient features, including high specific surface area, dispensability, and crystallinity. They are widely used for different industrial, biological, and environmental purposes. They are widely used for biomedical, energy storage, sensing and biosensing, pollutants treatment, catalysis, tribology, corrosion protection, etc. Their sensing, biosensing, and other applications are associated with several advantageous properties, such as long-term stability, excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, recyclability, and high selectivity. They have been widely used in sensing various gases, volatile compounds, and pesticides. They have also been used as nanofillers in polymer-based anticorrosive coatings. The 3D NMs raise the effectiveness and durability of coating performance by repairing the surface cracks and micropores. The 3D NMs are extensively used for decontaminating pollutants such as dyes, drugs, and phenolic compounds due to their practicality, recycling, and better capacity. The present review article describes the recent developments in the synthesis and use of 3D NMs. The challenges and future opportunities of 3D NMs in different fields are also described. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first report that describes all aspects of 3D NMs.