Retinal and Optic Nerve Integrity After Endoscopic Transorbital Skull Base Surgery Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography

ETOA does not induce subclinical retinal or optic nerve injury at late follow-up. The approach demonstrated structural and functional safety, particularly in patients without orbital involvement (Group A), where preservation of visual integrity is imperative. These findings support the neuro-ophthalmic safety of the transorbital corridor and justify larger prospective studies.