Metal–organic framework-based nanozymes: types, activity regulation and analytical applications

Nanomaterial-based enzyme-mimicking catalysts have received wide attention because of their excellent physicochemical properties in different operating environments compared to natural enzymes. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a class of regularly arranged crystalline meshwork materials interconnected by metal ions/metal clusters and organic ligands, have attracted considerable attention in nanozyme research due to the variety and functional diversity of their metal nodes and organic ligands. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have rarely been articles summarizing the strategies for enhancing the activity of MOF-based nanozymes in recent years. In this review, the classical MOF-based nanozymes and their catalytic mechanisms are first described in detail. Then, typical strategies for regulating enzyme-mimicking activity of MOFs are especially highlighted. Next, their analytical applications are described. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of MOF-based nanozymes are discussed in depth with a view to promoting and expanding on their further high-performance operation and development.