Experience of decision-making for older adults, their significant others, and health care professionals after a diagnosis of cancer: A systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Older age is associated with changes in physical, social, and psychological health in ways that influence treatment decisions, potentially impacting on quality and quantity of life. This systematic review explores the experiences of older adults, their significant others, and health care professionals when decisions regarding cancer treatment and support are made. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synonyms relating to search terms Cancer, Older People, Complexity, and Qualitative research were used to search the databases CINAHL, Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) identified strengths and limitations of the evidence allowing concurrent appraisal of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. Data analysis and synthesis was conducted using narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Five hundred thirty-four articles were identified of which 64 underwent full text screening. Fourteen studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in the review. Narrative synthesis identified four themes: (1) Preconditions in decision making - identifying frailty and setting goals; (2) Preferences, choice, and the need to maintain independence; (3) The influence of information provision; (4) Support during the decision-making process, role distribution, and trust in physician. Most included studies reported the views of the older adult, or health care professionals. However, there was paucity of evidence representing the older adult's significant other. DISCUSSION: Research is urgently needed to understand how and why decisions are made regarding cancer treatment and support, as well as how older adults are involved in these decisions throughout their diagnosis and treatment trajectory. A comprehensive understanding would help healthcare professionals to prioritise the individual's healthcare preferences.