Post-translational Modifications: A New Perspective on the Pathogenesis of Atrial Cardiomyopathy

Atrial cardiomyopathy (AtCM) is a complex cardiovascular disease characterized by atrial structural remodeling, impaired atrial contraction, and disrupted electrical conduction. It is closely associated with atrial fibrillation and stroke but exists as a distinct entity. Atrial myopathy and atrial fibrosis are considered central pathophysiological features of AtCM; multiple mechanisms interact to promote disease onset. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), which efficiently regulate protein structure and function, play roles in numerous important physiological processes and are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of AtCM. This review explores the roles of phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and other PTMs in AtCM. It also highlights potential clinical applications of PTMs in the context of AtCM and discusses future research directions.