Online learning environments for transferable skills development: a systematic literature review from 2013–2022

This review examined the impact of online learning environments (OLE) on acquiring transferable skills (TS) through an analysis of 31 papers from the Web of Science database. Significant attention is given to critical thinking and communication skills, with moderate consideration given to creativity, problem-solving, and cooperation skills. Lesser emphasis is placed on negotiation, decision-making, self-management, resilience, and participation, while respect for diversity and empathy skills remains unexplored. STEM dominated the research focus in many articles, primarily focusing on higher education institutions, with limited attention to primary and secondary schools. Learning management systems (LMS) and online platforms are widely used for teaching TS. Quantitative research methods predominated, emphasizing the cognitive dimension of TS, and limited exploration of the social dimension. Therefore, OLE significantly impacts TS development, contributing to a more knowledgeable society, improved education, lifelong learning, personal empowerment, enhanced employee skills, and entrepreneurial outcomes fostering economic development. OLE also plays a pivotal role in nurturing civic engagement, peace, and social harmony. However, some articles underscore negative consequences, including challenges in communication skill development, prolonged adjustment periods, and increased challenge for learners. According to the review's findings, the authors provide recommendations to teachers, educators, curriculum designers, and researcher.