Ammonia-fueled internal combustion engines

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the potential of green ammonia as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines (ICEs). The study focuses on the latest advancements in ammonia combustion characteristics, engine performance, and system integration. Key challenges, such as ammonia's low flammability and high auto-ignition temperature, are addressed, along with potential mitigation strategies including fuel blending and engine modifications. The chapter analyzes experimental findings from both spark ignition and compression ignition engines, highlighting the progress made and remaining obstacles. By examining the state-of-the-art technologies and novel approaches, this review contributes to understanding the prospects and challenges of transitioning to ammonia-fueled ICEs for a more sustainable transportation sector.