A new urinary exosome enrichment method by a combination of ultrafiltration and TiO2 nanoparticles

The workflow of separation and enrichment of exosomes by ultrafiltration–TiO₂. We proposed a new strategy for facile exosome isolation from human urine by utilizing the ultrafiltration technique and TiO₂, which can significantly reduce urine volumes, increase exposure of the material to exosomes in urine and obtain high purity exosomes.