Metacognition: Answered and Unanswered Questions

This article summarizes "facts" emerging from recent research and explanations of those facts arising from metacognitive theory. We suggest that the following four questions should be addressed empirically: (a) How can we measure "knowing about knowing" more accurately?, (b) How can we measure the effects of strategy instruction?, (c) What are the relations between content knowledge and strategy knowledge?, and (d) What is the role of achievement motivation in use of strategies?