Biological activities of guanidine compounds

BACKGROUND: The guanidine group defines chemical and physicochemical properties of many compounds of medical interest and guanidine-containing derivatives constitute a very important class of therapeutic agents suitable for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the most important pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses of simple guanidine derivatives, cyclic analogues of guanidines as well as peptides, peptidomimetics and peptoids incorporating arginine. METHODS: The review presents both the recent patent literature and original papers dealing with guanidine derivatives that show interesting biological activity and emphasizes the newest developing drugs. CONCLUSION: Recent achievements in the synthesis of guanidine-containing molecules with diverse chemical, biochemical and pharmacological properties make them of great importance to the design and development of novel drugs acting at CNS, anti-inflammatory agents, inhibitors of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, inhibitors of NO synthase, antithrombotic, antidiabetic and chemotherapeutic agents as well as guanidinium-based transporters and vectors.