The results of the development of gas nanosensors based on polymers are presented. The sensor devices are systematized according to the design features of their sensing elements. The analytical capabilities of nanosensors are assessed; in particular, the ability to identify a large number of organic and inorganic chemical compounds is demonstrated. The effect of morphology, geometry, and composition of the coating of the sensing elements for the sensitivity and selectivity of measurements, the response time, and the recovery time is shown. The priority issues for improving the performance characteristics of gas nanosensors based on polymers are determined.