Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Syntheses

Hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses are important branches of inorganic synthesis. Hydrothermal and solvothermal techniques are not just confined to the syntheses and growth of conventional and advanced materials but also take a very broad shape, covering several interdisciplinary branches of science and widely applied in the fields of the treatment of wastes, mimicking geothermal and biohydrothermal processes. In this chapter, we introduce the foundation of hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses, and we describe the hydrothermal synthesis of some new materials including single crystals materials, zeolites and related microporous materials, ionic conductors, complex oxides and fluorides, inorganic–organic hybrid materials, and nanomaterials. Hydrothermal biochemistry, supercritical water oxidation process, hydrothermal technique and methods, and ionothermal synthesis are also discussed.