Chinese writing system and learning to read

One of the obvious characteristics of the Chinese writing system is its visual complexity. How do children develop their reading and writing ability in such a system? The areas we address in the present study include: (1) The basic unit in character recognition and writing of Chinese children. (2) The role of familiarity of components and the position frequency of components in character recognition and writing. In the first experiment, the subjects were first‐, second‐, fourth‐, and sixth‐graders. Children were asked to delay copy five types of characters: familiar single characters, familiar compound characters, unfamiliar compounds with familiar components, unfamiliar compounds with unfamiliar components, and noncharacters, with the components in impossible positions. The results show that older children were affected more by the familiarity and the position frequency of components in the delayed copy task. In the second experiment, the subjects were from the same grades. Children were asked to carry out lexical decision for five types of characters: real compound characters, pseudocharacters with well‐formed structure and real components, noncharacters with ill‐formed structure but real components, and noncharacters with well‐formed structure but nonreal components. The results show that children can be aware of the ill‐formed structure early, and become aware of well‐formed structure but nonreal components as they grow older. The results suggest that the component of character is the basic unit in children's lexical representation. Familiarity of components and the position frequency of components in characters affect children's character recognition and writing.