The grafting reaction of vinyl acetate with polyvinyl alcohol which was regarded as the protecting colloid in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate was investigated in this paper. It was found that the grafting reaction of polyvinyl alcohol was mainly happened at the beginning and the grafting chain of vinyl acetate was growing until precipitation of gel particles, the grafting ratio was effected by the viscosity of protecting colloid: the more viscosity, the less grafting ratio.