Under the guidance of whole view of urban space, urban morphology is the theory mainly focusing on the logical connotation and extended concept of urban form. Taking Wuchang in Ming and Qing Dynasties as a research object, it is suggested to follow the basic methods of Urban Morphology to reveal the environmental significance of urban landscape in ancient towns in this paper. By making association study between historical maps and county annals, it is proposed to analyze the logical forming of natural landscape and built environment from three levels, which are landscape feature types, landscape organization and the formation process of urban landscape characteristics.