Stable covalent cross-linked polyfluoro sulfonated polyimide membranes with high proton conductance and vanadium resistance for application in vanadium redox flow batteries

Novel covalent cross-linked polyfluoro sulfonated polyimide membranes are developed by designing and synthesizing polyfluoro non-sulfonated diamine and adopting hydrophilic polyacrylic acid as the cross-linking agent for application in VRFBs.