Water-Repellent Perovskites Induced by a Blend of Organic Halide Salts for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Despite tremendous progress in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), the long-term stability issue remains a significant challenge for commercialization. In this study, by blending organic halide salts, phenylethylammonium halide (PEAX, X = I, Br), with CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPbI₃), we achieved remarkable enhancements in the water-repellency of perovskite films and long-term stability of PeSCs, together with enhanced PCE. The hydrophobic aromatic PEA⁺ group in PEAX protects the perovskite film from destruction by water. In addition, the smaller halide Br^- in PEABr restructures MAPbI₃ to form MAPbI_3-xBr_x during post-annealing, leading to lattice contraction with beneficial crystallization quality. The perovskite films modified by PEAX exhibited excellent water resistance. When the perovskite films were directly immersed in water, no obvious decompositions were observed, even after 60 s. The PEAX-decorated PeSCs exhibited considerable long-term stability. Under high-humidity conditions (60 ± 5%), the PEAX-decorated PeSCs held 80.5% for PEAI and 85.2% for PEABr of their original PCE after exposure for 100 h, whereas the pristine PeSC device lost more than 99% of its initial PCE after exposure for 60 h under the same conditions. Moreover, compared to the pristine device with a PCE of 13.28%, the PEAX-decorated PeSCs exhibited enhanced PCEs of 17.33% for the PEAI device and 17.18% for the PEABr device.