Computational modeling of a lithium‐ion battery thermal management system with Al 2 O 3 ‐based nanofluids

Lithium-ion batteries are seen as the primary energy storage tools for hybrid electric aircraft. However, the high temperature that occurs in battery modules can lead to a reduction in the capacity of the batteries and may even lead to serious safety issues such as fire. Therefore, it is essential to design an effective and reliable thermal management system to maintain battery temperatures under acceptable thresholds. In this study, a battery management system was designed using Al2O3 nanofluid in different configurations, incorporating two different cooling models based on longitudinal and transverse flow directions, where the battery module consisted of 20 prismatic lithium-ion batteries. The two models were compared in terms of discharge rates, volume fraction values of nanofluid, and inlet velocities, and temperatures of the coolant. Overall, it was evident that the battery module was within the safe temperature range when cooled with the nanofluid, but not air. Novelty Statement Lithium-ion batteries are seen as primary energy storage tools for hybrid electric aircraft. Thermal analysis of the batteries was performed in three dimensions by taking the bus bars into consideration. Nano fluid cooling was used as an effective way to keep battery temperatures within acceptable ranges.