生物
肉毒中毒
梭状芽孢杆菌
神经递质
肉毒梭菌
弛缓性麻痹
微生物学
细菌
遗传学
麻痹
受体
毒素
医学
外科
作者
Ornella Rossetto,Marco Pirazzini,Cesare Montecucco
摘要
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium and cause a persistent paralysis of peripheral nerve terminals, which is known as botulism. Neurotoxigenic clostridia belong to six phylogenetically distinct groups and produce more than 40 different BoNT types, which inactivate neurotransmitter release owing to their metalloprotease activity. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have improved our understanding of the genetics and structure of BoNT complexes. We also describe recent insights into the mechanisms of BoNT entry into the general circulation, neuronal binding, membrane translocation and neuroparalysis.
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