Circulating inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes mellitus: Unraveling the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) through a bidirectional mendelian randomization study

Several studies have identified associations between some of circulating inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the causal role of these associations remains unclear and unsystematic. We aimed to provide evidence for the causal relationships between circulating inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes mellitus.