Calmodulins and calmodulin-like proteins-mediated plant organellar calcium signaling networks under abiotic stress

Plant calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) mediate Ca2+ signaling in response to abiotic stresses. Manipulation of this signaling in crops could increase stress tolerance. We review methods for detecting Ca2+ signals, regulatory roles of CaMs and CMLs, binding targets, and Ca2+ networks under abiotic stress in organelles.