Forsythoside A mitigates osteoarthritis and inhibits chondrocyte senescence by promoting mitophagy and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome via the Nrf2 pathway

Chondrocyte senescence and inflammation are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA). Forsythiaside A (FTA), a phenylethanol glycoside isolated from air-dried fruits of Forsythia, has been reported to have significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its protective effects against OA have not been elucidated.