Hydrogen Peroxide Quantification Using Zero Dimensional Carbon Nanostructured Materials: A Review

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is suspected to promote cancer. Higher concentrations of H₂O₂ have always harmed mammalian cells, other living things, as well as the environment. As well, elevated concentrations of H₂O₂ might cause major health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, etc. As all, bioanalysis, environmental protection, and food security are needed for the rapid and accurate sensing of H₂O₂. For the sensing of H₂O₂, nanoparticle construction of carbon-based sensors has been used. Zero-dimensional (0D) nanostructures or nanosized designs of carbon-based fluorescent probes such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs/CDs) are gaining popularity in sensing. Therefore, this review focused on current developments in sensing systems made possible by innovative applications of GQDs with CQDs, with a focus on how these materials significantly enhance overall H₂O₂ detection. In brief, the review article focuses on the basic insights of H₂O₂ and carbon-based nanomaterials. After this, the use of GQDs and CQDs-based sensors for H₂O₂ detection is discussed in a brief period from 2015 to 2024. At last, the current challenges, future prospects, and concluding remarks have been added. As an outcome, GQDs and CQDs showed the potential for sensing H₂O₂ because of their distinctive electrical, fluorescent, photoluminescent, chemiluminescent, and electrochemiluminescent features. Carbon-based sensors for the recognition of H₂O₂ utilized a variety of methods, counting PET, IFF, static quenching, dynamic quenching, FRET, etc. As an outcome, it appears that carbon-based nanoscale sensors offered potential options for highly effective yet precise sensors for the detection of H₂O₂. In winding up, the GQDs and CQDs-based sensing nanosystems provide a new platform for the recognition of H₂O₂ that can open an innovative era for the diagnosis of health issues as well as monitor several environmental processes and issues at the point of care.