Arabidopsis thaliana Plants’ Overexpression of the MYB Transcription Factor VhMYB60 in the Face of Stress Hazards Enhances Salt and Cold Tolerance

'Beta' (Vitisriparia × V. labrusca) is a vine fruit tree of the genus Vitis which is a cross between American and riparian grapes. In the current situation of grape production in northern regions, cold, drought, and salinity are important bottlenecks restricting its development, while some grape rootstocks with excellent traits show the disadvantage of poor resilience. 'Beta' (Vitis riparia × V. labrusca), one of the most extensively utilized rootstocks in viticulture, has demonstrated remarkable resilience to adverse conditions. However, the mechanisms by which 'Beta' rootstocks resist abiotic stresses are unknown and need to be further investigated. In this study, we successfully isolated and cloned a novel MYB transcription factor, VhMYB60, from the 'Beta' grapevine. This factor spans 972 base pairs and encodes a protein comprising 323 amino acids. Subcellular localization studies revealed that VhMYB60 is predominantly expressed within the nucleus. Furthermore, tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated that VhMYB60 is more abundantly expressed in the mature leaves and roots of the grape plant. Further studies showed that salt and cold stress notably increased VhMYB60 gene expression in both mature leaves and grape roots. Compared with the control, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) plants molecularly modified to overexpress VhMYB60 exhibited enhanced salt and cold resistance and improved survival rates. Moreover, notable changes were detected in chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Concurrently, the expression levels of structural genes that are positively correlated with resistance to adversity stress were markedly elevated in Arabidopsis plants that overexpress VhMYB60. Consequently, VhMYB60 may serve as a pivotal transcription factor in the regulation of 'Beta' resistance.