Laser surface texturing of materials for surface functionalization: A holistic review

In recent decades, significant efforts have been directed towards laser surface texturing to tailor material surfaces for specific functional properties crucial to advanced engineering products and innovations. Researchers have extensively utilized various lasers and laser irradiation to modify surface characteristics of materials, such as improved wettability, manipulation of optical attributes, structural coloration, control of corrosion behavior, and enhancement of tribological properties. These advancements aim to enhance surface functionality, making materials more suitable for applications requiring corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and antibacterial features. The influence of laser surface texturing patterns on functional properties is attributed to geometrical patterns and surface chemistry characteristics. While some unique natural surface features have been successfully mimicked through laser processing techniques, there remains a gap in understanding the fundamental mechanisms driving these modifications. This review paper aims to comprehensively survey recent literature on laser surface texturing and structuring. It seeks to identify optimal laser types and processing parameters for creating highly functional surfaces that replicate natural surfaces. Special emphasis is placed on laser surface texturing using laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), patterns also known as ripples, which produce surface patterns with dimensions smaller than the laser wavelength. The paper also discusses recent research advancements, current limitations, challenges, and proposes future research directions in this evolving field. In essence, the review paper provides a detailed overview of the current state-of-the-art in laser surface engineering, highlighting its potential to customize surface functionalities essential for advancing engineering products and driving innovation. • Conducts a literature survey on Laser surface texturing (LST) and Laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). • Identifies optimal laser types and parameters to create highly functional surfaces mimicking natural surface properties. • Discusses recent advancements, limitations, challenges, and proposes future research directions in this evolving field.