Exploring the Hepatoprotective Effects of Naringin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Evidence

Abstract This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the hepatoprotective effects of naringin based on the pre-clinical evidence. A detailed literature search was performed using online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies were considered for meta-analysis. The outcomes of the meta-analysis revealed that naringin improved liver function by reducing the elevated levels of ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, ALP, and bilirubin. It improved the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as SOD, catalase, GSH, GST, GR, and GPx (p < 0.05 for all the parameters), while reducing the LPO/MDA levels (p < 0.05). NAR treatment also alleviated the levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, p < 0.001 for all the parameters; NF-κB, p = 0.29) in various animal models of liver injury. In addition, NAR significantly reduced the caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, naringin treatment has normalised the liver and body weights compared to the disease control group. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that naringin significantly improved the liver function in various animal models of liver injury, via potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.