The metabolism-immunity axis in Immune thrombocytopenia: from energy regulation to targeted therapy

Immunometabolism has received significant interest as a field exploring the dynamic interation between the immune system and metabolic processes. Immune cell activation, proliferation, and function are tightly regulated by metabolism, and metabolic products influence immune responses. These two aspects interact to maintain internal homeostasis. Disruption of immunometabolism plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases. Metabolic abnormalities may cause abnormal activation and differentiation of immune cells, leading to attacks on self-tissues. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by platelet dysfunction and impaired production, which are closely related to metabolic dysfunction. Alterations in glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism affect platelet function and immune cell behavior, contributing to disease progression. This review discusses the role of immunometabolism in ITP, highlights recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, and explores potential therapeutic strategies.