Integrated Dimeric Naphthoquinone[2,3‐d] Imidazole on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Enables High‐Rate and Stable Aqueous Proton Batteries

Abstract We develop a high‐performance aqueous organic proton battery material (MnO₂@GF//PND@SWCNT) through in situ synthesis of a π‐extended dimer naphthoquinone (2,2′‐(1,4‐phenyl)bis(1H‐naphtho[2,3‐d]imidazole‐4,9‐dione), PND) on single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) templates. The nucleophilic‐electrophilic amphiphilic imidazole groups create efficient proton‐conducting channels, while SWCNT‐directed assembly yields highly crystalline PND@SWCNT with enhanced π‐π interactions and electron delocalization. The material demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance, delivering 158.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and 121.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹, with 87.39% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹. When paired with a MnO₂@graphite felt (MnO₂@GF) cathode, the battery maintains stable operation across a wide temperature range (−20 to 40°C). The bipolar imidazole groups facilitate rapid proton transport during charge/discharge, enabling outstanding rate capability. This work presents a novel molecular design strategy for proton battery materials through conjugated systems with proton‐conducting moieties, offering significant potential for stationary energy storage applications.