Fabrication of CuO Nanowires Decorated Gold Nanoparticles for High-Performance Reusable Non-Enzyme Glucose Sensors

Abstract This study introduces a straightforward method for fabricating CuO nanowires (CuONWs) decorated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to detect low-concentration urine glucose using an electrochemical process. The crystal structure and morphology of the electrode samples are analyzed using X-ray diffraction spectrometer and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The result reveals that CuO nanowires with a high density of 10 µm in length and approximately 50 nm in diameter were successfully decorated with tiny gold nanoparticles. The CuONWs/GNPs are utilized to develop a non-enzymatic glucose sensor demonstrating outstanding performance in glucose detection. The electrochemical sensor demonstrates a detection limit of 0.24 mM and a linear range from 0.6 to 8 mM. It is reusable and remains stable for at least 5 weeks. Furthermore, the proposed electrode exhibits excellent selectivity for glucose, even in the presence of common interfering substances in the urine, such as ascorbic acid, lactose, and uric acid. Its long-term stability and selectivity enable reliable glucose detection in intravenous sugar solution and human urine samples.