Progress in mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites: The role of graphene functionalization

This review examines the recent advancements in enhancing mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites through graphene functionalization strategies. The inherent limitations of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, particularly weak interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix, can be effectively addressed through the strategic incorporation of functionalized graphene. We comprehensively analyze various functionalization approaches, including chemical modification, physical treatment, and hybrid methods, highlighting their mechanisms and effectiveness in improving composite performance. The impact of functionalized graphene on critical mechanical properties is thoroughly discussed, with particular emphasis on tensile strength, interfacial adhesion, and damage tolerance. Modern characterization techniques have revealed that functionalized graphene serves multiple roles: mechanical reinforcement, interface modifier, and stress transfer bridge. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in achieving uniform dispersion, optimizing functionalization protocols, and developing scalable manufacturing processes. The review also addresses emerging trends in sustainable processing methods and advanced manufacturing integration, providing insights into future research directions for next-generation composite materials.